The EU4Digital Facility has completed the 2^nd release of the eSignature piloting with the participation of Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia, and testing with Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia in March 2022. The pilot solutions are comprised of electronic signing and validation components which enable technical eSignature interoperability across-borders, the next steps for regional digital trust framework and mutual recognition to follow.

An interoperable cross-border electronic signature (eSignature) plays a central role in extending the Digital single market to the Eastern Partner countries. However, the existing technological solutions, organisational and legislative frameworks still differ among the Eastern partner countries themselves, and the EU Member States. In the journey for seamless cross-border interoperability of digital trust services, the 2^nd release of the cross-border eSignature pilot, led by the EU4Digital Facility, was launched in October 2021 and the pilot solutions were successfully tested for technical interoperability in February among 3 Eastern partner countries and 3 EU Member States: Ukraine, Georgia, and Armenia, and Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The success of the 2^nd release of eSignature pilot follows the successful experience of the previous eSignature pilot performed with the participation of Ukraine, Moldova and Estonia. 

Testing for cross-border eSignature interoperability

The development of the cross-border eSignature pilot solution has followed a unique path in each piloting country to achieve interoperable:

• In Ukraine, the team had demonstrated the online electronic signing and validation tools, tested and published (see here), as well as other official websites. Before pilot, the team had already developed signature creation and validation tools, yet these were not interoperable with other participant countries as, for example, the tools did not support the alphabets of other participants. The testing was performed in a real production environment using the public online electronic signature tool available on the government public portal. 
• In Georgia, before the eSignature piloting activity, the country already offered a signature creation and validation solution to Georgian citizens called Unitool, which was used for creating digitally signed PDF documents. During the piloting, Georgia performed necessary updates to reach XAdES-LT, supported by ASiC-E Container, as well as developed a new validation tool, and successfully tested and published a validation website.
• Armenia, during development, implemented a new signature container and other technical elements. Before the pilot, the country had its own developed eSignature creation software named eSignEkeng enabling to sign only PDF files. Armenia updated the eSignature pilot solutions to XAdES-LT level (signature with a timestamp), supported by ASiC-E Container. Regular testing during each phase of implementation and keeping up with the development schedule led to the successful completion of the signature creation tool and validation tool.

Following the successful implementation of the cross-border eSignature pilot by all pilot participants, a set of recommendations were prepared to provide guidance for future activities, to reinforce current best practices and improve readiness for cross-border mutual recognition. 

By developing such technologies, the EU creates a stronger infrastructure for online transactions and paves the way towards a more dynamic and stable digital economy.